There are a few myth about 5G that I came about in discussions with executives, investors, smart city officials and other parties active in technology development and planning for new services. Two examples:
- Don’t bother deploying a certain IoT technology – for example LoRaWAN or similar technology – because 5G will serve all these applications (e.g. street lighting, smart parking, etc.)
- Don’t bother with fixed wireless access in rural areas. 5G will make current fixed access services redundant.
You get the drift: 5G is the mother of all technologies; it will serve all applications, so don’t bother with anything else!
Vested in 5G myths
5G is not a silver bullet. The incumbent wireless ecosystem, including vendors and operators have vested interest in propagating this myth. It helps putting their competition on the defensive and potentially eliminate competitors completely. FUD (fear, uncertainty and doubt) is a powerful weapon that is often used in and out of industry. It paralyses clients and prevents them from deploying a technology. Nowhere is this type of FUD more damaging where the client is not technologically savvy about – as for example in an enterprise or a smart city organization. So many different technologies, with such a level of complexity that having internal expertise along such wide continuum is difficult.
5G Realities
To set some things straight, here are a few realities about 5G that are worth noting:
- There is no common definition on what 5G really is. In the United States, 5G today is largely a fixed wireless access play that complements fiber services in urban and suburban areas. In Japan, Korea and Europe, it is about mobile broadband services. In China, it is about IoT services. The wide definition of 5G opens the door for anyone to claim 5G operation without having a true 5G network.
- There are no common timelines for 5G deployments. It will take many years to unfold. Moreover, 5G deployments will be spotty: focused on specific geographic areas, especially at the beginning. 5G is a capacity play for the most part, focusing on network densification, spectrum aggregation and scalability in connected devices.
- There is no common global frequency band for 5G. It is true that the 3.5 GHz is most promising to become the first global 5G band. However, there are enough regional variations that indicate a fragmented market. Spectrum will shape how, where and when 5G gets deployed.
- Service providers are not sure about the 5G business case: they still don’t know how to monetize it. US operators such as Verizon and AT&T announced plans to deploy 5G as early as this year, but the scope is unknown. Operators in the rest of the world, including most ironically Korea where they are very bullish, have questioned 5G monetization potential.
- 5G will rely on the existing 4G subscriber base to achieve economies of scale. Mobile broadband is the first and only application that can drive initial scale for 5G. Deployments will follow the most advanced markets, and in the dense urban areas. By contrast, some service providers deployed LTE in rural areas when it first came out (e.g. Germany): this will not be replicated in 5G.
- You need a 4G network to run a 5G network – at least in the early years. A standalone 5G network will not commercially be available until after the first iteration or retrofitting 4G networks with certain 5G upgrades. Unlike 4G technology, greenfield operators and service providers will not be able to leverage 5G in the early years.
Don’t freeze!
There are many myths associated with 5G – all serving to either forestall market development of competing technologies or create excuses for failed business models that pin hope on 5G for salvation.
The 5G ecosystem will take time to mature and for economies of scale to take hold. I would reason that 5G will take longer to develop than 4G did. The cost of any new technology is high and comes down over time as it matures. 5G will be no different. I see no reason to put off projects in anticipation of 5G, especially as we can model the cost structure and return on investment with reasonable accuracy.
A final thought: the succession of technologies plays to freeze markets even where participants are very technology savvy. The effects are amplified where the participants are particularly close to technology development. We have written on this topic in the context of smart city projects. See this paper for more details: The Cascading Technology Trap in Smart City Applications.
Good post.
Those who have worked in the field of electronic applications and know how local, state, and federal governments and business organizations and utilities, etc. adopt technological changes, understand that some of what is being forecast for 5G is either already possible using 3G-4G or will meet the same resistance and economic and turf war hurdles.
One of the ‘new and improved’ capabilities of 5G/5G NR is the user-deployed network node – Home eNodeB/ngNodeB and the redefined and enhanced user plane and control plane. 5G’s biggest change is enabling of the ‘personalization of the network’. The approach adopts the basic mechanism found in the chaotic world of WiFi deployments: the task-driven installing of ‘network nodes’ by users at a cost that is about 1/20th of a managed network node while being organically driven to satisfy the user’s needs.
How many of the use cases one generally sees cited actually require a mobile network? And then only scale if the network is ubiquitous (and priced right); an enormous chicken and egg problem the MNOs are in no position to solve individually. Huawei recognizes this. Even a fixed wireless network will require a different business model than the one the MNOs/ISPs currently possess to generate ROI.
Until the market wakes up to, and understands, two important aspects of “G” evolution over the past 2 decades 5G is doomed to fail. First, 3G was aided by the crutch of Wifi (brought about mostly by Intel making it a standard and accepted form of broadband access on laptops via Centrino; but also for many many other reasons). Second the crutch was thrown away and became a full-blown 3rd leg when Steve Jobs played Verizon off of AT&T and got the latter to accept unfettered access to WiFi through iOS and its resulting app ecosystem. Only through the ubiquity of (low-cost, equal) access was the latter able to explode causing a demand pull-through for 4G. The latter still needed the 3rd leg of Wifi to succeed.
As none of the 5G prescriptions appear to incorporate this way of thinking none of it will scale. Lastly, Wifi (through ax) appears to be already ahead of 5G in terms of throughput and performance, particularly indoors. So by the time 5G gets to market the landscape, impacted by other IoT network topologies as well, will have shifted dramatically.